Table 2.
Cognitive tests and domain characteristics
| Cognitive domaina | Age |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ages (n = 253) |
≥60 (n = 121) |
<60 (n = 132) |
||||
| Mean (SD) | α | Mean (SD) | α | Mean (SD) | α | |
| Working memory | ||||||
| Digits forward | 6.5 (1.6) | 0.78 | 6.2 (1.3) | 0.75 | 6.8 (1.8) | 0.76 |
| Digits backward | 5.2 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.3) | 5.6 (2.0) | |||
| BTA, letters | 7.2 (2.4) | 6.3 (2.5) | 8.0 (1.9) | |||
| BTA, numbers | 7.3 (2.2) | 6.4 (2.3) | 8.0 (1.9) | |||
| Processing speed | ||||||
| PCT | 58.7 (17.0) | 0.93 | 49.5 (14.9) | 0.93 | 67.1 (14.2) | 0.89 |
| TMT, Part A | 40.7 (24.6) | 51.9 (28.6) | 30.4 (13.8) | |||
| TMT, Part B | 116.8 (94.4) | 153.7 (116.3) | 82.8 (47.9) | |||
| Symbol digit coding | 44.9 (14.6) | 37.0 (13.2) | 52.2 (11.7) | |||
| Fluency | ||||||
| Letter fluency | 26.9 (9.2) | 0.75 | 25.8 (9.7) | 0.77 | 28.0 (8.7) | 0.72 |
| Category fluency | 41.1 (10.9) | 37.9 (10.5) | 44.1 (10.3) | |||
| DFT | 13.2 (7.0) | 11.3 (6.2) | 15.0 (7.3) | |||
| Crystallized intelligence | ||||||
| Information | 19.3 (5.7) | 0.87 | 20.5 (5.6) | 0.88 | 18.3 (5.5) | 0.86 |
| Similarities | 18.5 ( 5.3) | 18.3 (5.9) | 18.7 (4.8) | |||
| HART IQ | 102.6 (11.1) | 104.0 (10.9) | 101.3 (11.1) | |||
| Fluid intelligence | ||||||
| RCFT | 30.0 (5.3) | 0.81 | 28.3 (6.3) | 0.80 | 31.7 (3.6) | 0.69 |
| BFRT | 21.7 (2.6) | 20.5 (2.6) | 22.9 (2.0) | |||
| Block design | 24.6 (10.7) | 19.9 (9.0) | 28.9 (10.4) | |||
| Picture completion | 13.9 (3.6) | 12.7 (4.1) | 15.1 (2.7) | |||
| Verbal memory | ||||||
| HVLT-R learning | 23.9 (5.2) | 0.88 | 22.1 (5.2) | 0.87 | 25.6 (4.6) | 0.86 |
| HVLT-R recall | 8.3 (2.8) | 7.2 (3.0) | 9.3 (2.3) | |||
| LM learning | 25.5 (7.5) | 23.3 (7.4) | 27.5 (7.2) | |||
| LM recall | 21.1 (8.5) | 19.0 (8.1) | 23.0 (8.5) | |||
| Visual memory | ||||||
| BVMT-R learning | 20.7 (8.0) | 0.92 | 16.5 (6.9) | 0.91 | 24.5 (6.9) | 0.89 |
| BVMT-R recall | 8.0 (3.0) | 6.7 (2.9) | 9.2 (2.5) | |||
| VR learning | 31.2 (7.2) | 27.5 (7.6) | 34.5 (4.8) | |||
| VR recall | 20.9 (11.1) | 15.6 (9.6) | 25.8 (10.2) | |||
| Executive functioning | ||||||
| mWCST categories | 5.0 (1.5) | 0.87 | 4.6 (1.7) | 0.84 | 5.3 (1.2) | 0.90 |
| mWCST per. errors | 3.4 (4.8) | 4.4 (5.0) | 2.6 (4.4) | |||
Notes: BTA = Brief Test of Attention; PCT = Perceptual Comparison Test; TMT = Trail Making Test; DFT = Design Fluency Test; HART = Hopkins Adult Reading Test; RCFT = Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; BFRT = Benton Facial Recognition Test; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; LM = Logical Memory; BVMT-R = Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; VR = Visual Reproduction; mWCST = modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
aData reflect raw scores.