Table 4.

Quadratic associations between cognitive factor scores, total WMH, and periventricular WMH

	All ages				Age ≥60
	Total WMH		PV WMH		Total WMH		PV WMH
	β	t	β	t	β	t	β	t
Working memory	0.21	1.83	0.23	1.85	0.27	1.62	0.31	1.71
Processing speed	0.15	1.55	0.18	1.79	0.27	1.83	0.31	2.04*
Fluency	0.14	1.17	0.19	1.57	0.25	1.51	0.32	1.88
Crystallized intelligence	0.04	0.43	0.03	0.30	0.10	0.69	0.07	0.49
Fluid intelligence	0.20	2.01*	0.25	2.42*	0.27	1.70	0.31	1.90
Verbal memory	0.05	0.40	0.08	0.61	0.07	0.36	0.11	0.55
Visual memory	0.25	2.58*	0.30	2.89*	0.41	2.55*	0.50	2.94*
Executive functioning	0.20	1.62	0.15	1.15	0.26	1.58	0.19	1.09

Notes: Significant values (*) indicate that the associations between WMH volumes and cognitive domain are best captured by a nonlinear, quadratic function, in models including age, education, sex, and race. The quadratic relationships between subcortical WMH and cognition in the full sample and older group were not significant and are not reported here. There were also no significant quadratic relationships between WMH and cognition in those aged below 60 and these data are not presented.

*p < .05.