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Minimal mismatch repair uniquely requires MutS homologue(s) (MSH), MutL homologue(s) (MLH/PMS) and an Exonuclease (Exo). E. coli (gram-negative enteric bacteria) MMR (red) uniquely requires a hemi-methylated Dam site (-CH3), the MutH endonuclease, and the MutU (UvrD) helicase. The excision tract (250–1000 bp) extends uniquely from the strand scission to just past the DNA mismatch lesion.
