Table 1.
Characteristics of study groups
| Cases | GERD controls | Population controls | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/# (SD/%) | Mean/# (SD/%) | Mean/# (SD/%) | |
| Number of subjects | 296 | 308 | 309 |
| Age | 62.3 (±10.7) | 61.7 (±10.8) | 62.3 (±10.3) |
| Race | |||
| White | 255 (86%) | 247 (80%) | 262 (85%) |
| Black | 5 (2) | 20 (7) | 16 (5) |
| Hispanic | 24 (8) | 20 (6) | 12 (4) |
| Asian | 4 (1) | 8 (3) | 9 (3) |
| Others | 8 (3) | 13 (4) | 10 (3) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 218 (74) | 211 (68) | 208 (67) |
| Female | 77 (26) | 97 (32) | 101 (33) |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 77 (26) | 77 (25) | 85 (29) |
| Some college | 134 (45) | 126 (41) | 105 (34) |
| College and beyond | 85 (29) | 118 (38) | 132 (43) |
| Income | |||
| <50k | 125 (46) | 108 (41) | 104 (36) |
| 50–75 | 61 (22) | 59 (22) | 67 (23) |
| 75k+ | 87 (32) | 96 (37) | 119 (41) |
| Smoking status (Ever smokers) | 197 (67) | 182 (59) | 173 (56) |
| Alcohol | |||
| None | 77 (26) | 109 (36) | 78 (25) |
| Light (<=1/week) | 153 (52) | 131 (42) | 157 (51) |
| Moderate (1–2/week) | 27 (9) | 27 (9) | 48 (15) |
| Heavy (2+/week) | 39 (13) | 41 (13) | 26 (8) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 (±5.8) | 28.9 (±5.3) | 29.5 (±5.8) |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Energy (kcal) | 1805 (±857) | 1827 (±770) | 1839 (±794) |
| Total fat (g) | 79.2 (±46.4) | 77.9 (±37.9) | 81.1 (±42.5) |
| Total fiber (g) | 15.9 (±8.6) | 16.2 (±8.3) | 18.1 (±9.4) |
| Meat (servings/day) | 2.0 (±1.3) | 2.0 (±1.2) | 2.1 (±1.4) |
| Fruit and vegetable (servings/day) | 4.1 (±2.4) | 4.3 (±2.6) | 5.0 (±2.9) |
| Vitamin supplement use | |||
| >2 years | 163 (55) | 157 (51) | 163 (53) |
| ≤2 years | 59 (20) | 45 (15) | 37 (12) |
| Never | 74 (25) | 106 (34) | 102 (33) |