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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Funct Foods. 2009 Jan 1;1(1):74–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.011

Figure 2. Identification of kaempferol metabolites from CaCo-2/TC7 cells and associated media.

Figure 2

Typical chromatogram showing metabolites of kaempferol. The identities of metabolites were confirmed using a combination of retention time, selected ion monitoring LC/MS, tandem mass spec with metal complexation, kaempferol-3-glucuronide pure authentic standard, enzyme hydrolysis with sulphatase and glucuronidase and UV spectra. Suspected metabolites labelled K1-K5, with kaempferol aglycone labelled K6. UV spectra for the various metabolite peaks also shown with UV peak absorbance at around 250-280 nm and 350-400 nm.