Table 3.

Summary table showing the identification of kaempferol phase-II conjugates produced in CaCo-2/TC7 cells.

Kaempferol conjugatea	[M+H]+ = 463 detected	[M+H]+ = 376 detected	UV Trace	Standard	Hydrolysis with β- glucuronidase	Hydrolysis with aryl-sulphatase	NMR	Probable identification
K1	Yes	Yes	Flavonol-likeb	None available	Rapid disappearance of peak with increase in K-S	Minimal effect	Inconclusive	K-S-GlcA
K2	Yes	No	Flavonol-likeb. Spectrum similar to K-3-GlcA previously identified using shift reagentsa	Peak RT similar to K-3-GlcA standard	Rapid disappearance of peak with increase in aglycone	Minimal effect	Suggests K-3-GlcA	K-3-GlcA
K3	Yes	No	Flavonol-likeb. Spectrum similar to K-7-GlcA previously identified using shift reagentsa	None available	Rapid disappearance of peak with increase in aglycone	Minimal effect	Suggests K-7-GlcA	K-7-GlcA
K4	Yes	No	Flavonol-likeb. Spectra similar to K-4′-GlcA previously identified using shift reagentsa	None available	Rapid disappearance of peak with increase in aglycone	Minimal effect	Suggests K-4′-GlcA	K-4′GlcA
K5	No	No	Flavonol-likeb.	None available	Very minimal peak disappearance over hours that might be due to oxidation	Rapid disappearance of peak	Suggest mixture of K-3-S and K-7-S	K-S (likely to be a mixture of 3- and 7-

^aRefer to figure 2 for the corresponding chromatogram.

^bDistinct bands at 250-280 nm and 350-400 nm.

^cDay (2000).