Table 6.
Total kaempferol conjugation production and apical to basolateral ratios in clonal CaCo-2/TC7 cell monolayers with varying concentrations of kaempferol.
| K-S-GlcA | K-3-GlcA | K-7-GlcA | K-4′-GlcA | K-S | Total Conjugates | Total Aglycone | Conjugate Conversion (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apical Loading | 5 μM | 0.02 (N/D) |
0.16 (0.22) |
0.78 (0.74) |
0.26 (0.44) |
0.26 (N/D) |
1.48 | 0.99 | 60 |
| 15 μM | 0.12 (0.47) |
0.61 (0.14) |
1.32 (0.23) |
0.19 (0.20) |
1.01 (3.46) |
3.24 | 3.88 | 46 | |
| 40 μM | 0.33 (0.37) |
1.44 (0.15) |
1.34 (0.21) |
0.10 (N/D) |
1.36 (2.26) |
4.57 | 12.1 | 27 | |
| 100 μM | 0.62 (0.28) |
2.27 (0.20) |
1.76 (0.20) |
0.07 (N/D) |
1.11 (2.04) |
5.83 | 17.7 | 25 | |
| Basolateral Loading | 5 μM | 0.00 (N/D) |
0.02 (N/D) |
0.19 (2.09) |
0.06 (1.56) |
0.01 (N/D) |
0.28 | 3.82 | 7 |
| 15 μM | 0.03 (0.56) |
0.08 (0.17) |
0.27 (0.72) |
0.08 (0.57) |
0.06 (0.83) |
0.52 | 10.8 | 5 | |
| 40 μM | 0.06 (.058) |
0.21 (0.20) |
0.34 (0.50) |
0.07 (0.59) |
0.17 (0.85) |
0.85 | 28.6 | 3 | |
| 100 μM | 0.17 (0.58) |
0.67 (0.26) |
0.45 (0.61) |
0.05 (0.96) |
0.28 (1.28) |
1.62 | 28.3 | 5 | |
Values shown are nmols of analyte. Percentage conjugate conversion represents the total percentage of conjugation from parent aglycone. The percentage of conversion to phase-II conjugates decreased with increasing concentration of kaempferol aglycone in the apical compartment. However, this concentration dependent effect of conjugate conversion was not seen with basolateral loading. Apical to basolateral ratio (numbers in parentheses) represents the apical transport rate divided by the basolateral transport rate A value of <1.0 indicates preferential basolateral transport, a value of >1.0 indicates preferential apical transport; n=3 for all data; time = 60 min.