Table 1.
Prevalence of stunting and severe stunting in children aged 0-23 months and 0-59 months
| Characteristic | n | Stunted children 0-23 Months | Severely stunted children 0-23 Months | Stunted children 0-59 Months | Severely stunted children 0-59 Months |
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | ||
| Region | |||||
| Rural | 536 | 27.1 (21.0-34.3) | 13.8 (9.5-19.5) | 33.4 (28.6-38.6)* | 15.9 (12.4-20.1) |
| Urban | 1632 | 29.6 (26.2-33.2) | 14.2 (11.4-17.6) | 40.0 (37.2-42.9) | 19.2 (16.4-22.3) |
| District | |||||
| Ternate | 387 | 30.9 (23.8-39.1) | 14.2 (9.9-19.9) | 36.4 (31.0-42.2) | 16.0 (12.3-20.6) |
| Tidore | 149 | 19.1 (10.4-32.5) | 12.8 (4.9-29.2) | 25.5 (18.9-33.4) | 15.4 (8.6-26) |
| Central Halmahera | 280 | 32.3 (25.7-39.7) | 15.5 (11.3-21) | 42.9 (36.5-49.5) | 23.2 (18.1-29.3) |
| East Halmahera | 280 | 37.0 (28.3-46.7) | 21.9 (13.2-34.3) | 42.5 (33.2-52.4) | 23.6 (14.6-35.8) |
| West Halmahera | 178 | 23.7 (15.9-33.8) | 6.2 (3.1-12.0) | 38.2 (33.2-43.5) | 16.3 (12.5-21) |
| North Halmahera | 279 | 31.1 (24.5-38.6) | 13.3 (9.1-19.1) | 41.6 (34.5-49.0) | 17.2 (12.6-23.0) |
| South Halmahera | 446 | 24.7 (19.7-30.5) | 12.4 (8.2-18.2) | 38.6 (35.2-42.1) | 19.3 (15.1-24.3) |
| Sula-Isles | 169 | 27.4 (20.7-35.3) | 10.7 (6.7-16.8) | 34.3 (29.6-39.4) | 11.2 (9-14.0) |
| Household factors | |||||
| Father's education | |||||
| Completed Elementary School (aged 7-12) | 832 | 32.0 (27.2-37.2) | 16.2 (12.6-20.7) | 41.8 (37.8-45.9)* | 20.9 (17.6-24.7)* |
| Completed Middle School (aged 13-15) | 557 | 28.4 (23.4-34.0) | 13.2 (9.7-17.6) | 39.3 (35.2-43.6) | 19.0 (15.5-23.2) |
| Completed High School (aged 16-18) | 779 | 26.3 (22.0-31.2) | 12.6(9.2-17) | 34.0 (30.3-37.9) | 15.2 (12.1-18.8) |
| Mother's education | |||||
| Completed Elementary School (aged 7-12) | 1163 | 30.8 (27.0-34.9) | 16.7 (13.6-20.30* | 41.6 (38.4-44.9)** | 20.9 (18.0-24.3)** |
| Completed Middle School (aged 13-15) | 514 | 29.7 (24.5-35.5) | 11.5 (8-16.4) | 37.7 (32.8-43) | 15.8 (12.4-19.8) |
| Completed High School (aged 16-18) | 491 | 24.5 (19.6-30.2) | 11.2 (7.7-16.1) | 31.4 (27.0-36.0) | 14.9 (11.7-18.8) |
| Parental Education | |||||
| Both with high education | 871 | 26.2 (22.1-30.7) | 11.3 (8.4-14.9) | 33.6 (30-37.5)** | 15.4 (12.7-18.6)* |
| Father with high education | 134 | 33.3 (22.7-46.0) | 12.0 (5.6-23.7) | 41.0 (32.6-50.1) | 14.9 (9.4-22.9) |
| Mother with high education | 465 | 29.2 (23.5-35.7) | 16.1 (11.8-21.5) | 41.1 (37.1-45.1) | 19.4 (15.6-23.8) |
| Neither with high education | 698 | 31.7 (26.9-37.1) | 17.1 (13.1-21.9) | 41.9 (37.7-46.4) | 22.1 (18.4-26.2) |
| Provided with nutritional information during pregnancy (n = 2110) | |||||
| No | 729 | 29.9 (25.4-35.0) | 16.0 (12.8-19.9) | 42.0 (37.7-46.4) | 21.1 (17.6-25.1) |
| Yes | 1381 | 28.2 (24.9-31.9) | 12.9 (10.1-16.3) | 36.6 (33.7-39.7) | 17.0 (14.3-20.1) |
| Father's occupation | |||||
| Any Labour | 1396 | 29.3 (25.6-33.3) | 15.1 (12.2-18.7) | 40.0 (36.9-43.2) | 19.3 (16.7-22.3)** |
| Fisher man | 355 | 27.9 (22.6-33.8) | 12.5 (8.5-18) | 35.5 (30.8-40.5) | 18.0 (14.5-22.1) |
| No work | 60 | 35.9 (21.7-53.1) | 20.5 (10.4-36,5) | 45.0 (34.0-56.5) | 28.3 (18.5-40.5) |
| Government private officer | 357 | 27.7 (20.9-35.7) | 10.8 (6.9-16.5) | 33.9 (29-39.2) | 13.2 (9.8-17.5) |
| Mother's occupation | |||||
| Any Labour | 694 | 29.9 (25.3-34.9) | 14.4 (11.4-18.2) | 39.5 (35.4-43.8) | 18.4 (15.4-22) |
| Fisher woman | 96 | 30.6 (20.6-42.8) | 18.4 (9.8-31.8) | 38.5 (30.8-46.9) | 22.9 (15.5-32.5) |
| No work | 1302 | 28.4 (24.4-32.7) | 13.6(10.4-17.6) | 37.9 (34.5-41.4) | 18.1 (15.2-21.5) |
| Government private officer | 76 | 29.2 (17.7-44.0) | 14.6 (8.0-25.0) | 36.8 (27.6-47.2) | 15.8 (10.2-23.7) |
| Parental employment | |||||
| Both working | 838 | 29.8 (25.8-34.2) | 14.9 (11.9-18.6) | 38.7 (35.3-42.2) | 18.1 (15.4-21.3) |
| Father only working | 1270 | 28.1 (24.1-32.4) | 13.2 (10.0-17.2) | 37.9 (34.5-41.4) | 18.0 (15.1-21.4) |
| Mother only working | 28 | 33.3 (14.2-60.2) | 13.3 (2.8-44.8) | 53.6 (38.5-68.1) | 35.7 (19.7-56.8) |
| Neither working | 32 | 37.5 (21.1-57.4) | 25.0 (11.7-45.7) | 37.5 (23.1-54.6) | 21.9 (11.4-38.0) |
| Household wealth Index | |||||
| Poorest | 867 | 32.9 (27.6-38.7) | 17.4 (13.4-22.4)** | 43.1 (39.0-44.0)** | 21.1 (17.4-25.4)** |
| Middle | 867 | 28.2 (24.3-32.5) | 13.9 (11.0-17.6) | 37.4 (33.9-40.9) | 18.9 (16.3-21.9) |
| Least Poor | 434 | 23.4 (18.1-29.7) | 8.3 (5.1-13.4) | 30.9 (26.4-35.8) | 11.8 (8.7-15.7) |
| Household member | |||||
| ≤5 members | 1359 | 31.3 (27.6-35.4) | 14.8 (11.6-18.7) | 39.3 (36.2-42.5) | 18.5 (15.7-21.7) |
| 6-12 members | 809 | 24.9 (21-29.4) | 12.9 (10.1-16.4) | 36.8 (33.0-40.8) | 18.1 (15.2-21.3) |
| Number of family Meals per day | |||||
| 2 Times | 675 | 24.9 (20.5-29.8) | 13.1 (9.9-17.1) | 36.3 (32.2-40.6) | 17.6 (14.3-21.6) |
| >2 Times | 1493 | 30.8 (27.0-34.8) | 14.5 (11.5-18.2) | 39.3 (36.22-42.5) | 18.7 (16-21.8) |
| Child level factors | |||||
| Child's age in category | |||||
| 0-5 | 266 | 12.8 (9.1-17.7)*** | 7.9 (5.6-11.0)*** | 12.8 (9.1-17.7)*** | 7.9 (5.6-11.0)*** |
| 6-11 | 365 | 24.1 (19.3-29.7) | 10.1 (5.6-11.0)*** | 24.1 (19.3-29.7) | 10.1 (6.6-15.2) |
| 12-17 | 318 | 33.9 (28.6-39.7) | 15.7 (5.6-11.0)*** | 33.9 (28.6-39.7) | 15.7 (11.7-20.8) |
| 18-23 | 234 | 48.3 (40.3-56.3) | 25.2 (5.6-11.0)*** | 48.3 (40.3-56.3) | 25.2 (18.8-32.9) |
| 24-29 | 238 | 48.7 (42.2-55.4) | 26.5 (20.4-33.6) | ||
| 30-35 | 169 | 51.5 (42.9-60.0) | 23.1 (16.8-30.8) | ||
| 36-41 | 215 | 52.6 (45.9-59.1) | 25.6 (20.5-31.5) | ||
| 42-47 | 147 | 47.6 (37.7-57.7) | 19.7 (13-28.8) | ||
| 48-53 | 135 | 49.6 (39.9-59.4) | 23.7 (16.8-32.3) | ||
| 54-59 | 81 | 44.4 (34.6-54.8) | 16.1 (8.7-27.6) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1115 | 32.2 (28.0-36.7)* | 16.7 (13.2-21.1)** | 41.4 (37.9-44.8)* | 20.5 (17.4-24.1)** |
| Female | 1053 | 25.6 (21.6-30.1) | 11.3 (8.9-14.3) | 35.2 (31.8-38.8) | 16.1 (13.7-18.7) |
| Antenatal visit (n = 2110) | |||||
| No | 91 | 39.6 (27.2-53.4) | 16.7 (7.6-32.7) | 44.0 (35.1-53.2) | 23.1 (15.4-33.1) |
| Yes | 2019 | 28.4 (25.4-31.5) | 16.7 (11.5-16.6) | 38.2 (35.6-40.9) | 18.2 (15.9-20.8) |
| Overall | 29.0 (26.0-32.2) | 16.7 (11.7-17.0) | 38.4 (35.9-41.0) | 18.4 (16.1-20.9) | |
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; X2-test was applied to test statistical significance
Weighted total was 2168 otherwise stated within brackets