Table 4.
Higher order plant taxa that are associated primarily with bats for pollination
| (A) Families strongly associated with pollinating bats | ||
|---|---|---|
| Family | No. of genera/species in family or subfamily | Estimated age of family |
| Bombacaceae* | 16/120 | 69–65 Ma |
| Caryocaraceae | 2/25 | 111–100 Ma |
| Musaceae* | 2/35 | Stem = 87 Ma; crown = 61 Ma |
| Sonneratiaceae | 2/8 | 57 Ma |
| (B) Families with subfamilies or tribes strongly associated with pollinating bats | ||
|---|---|---|
| Family and subfamily or tribe | No. of genera/species in family | Estimated age of family |
| Agavaceae: Agavoideae | 23/637 – family | Crown = 13 Ma |
| Bignoniaceae: 2 of 7 tribes | 110/800 – family | 49·5 Ma |
| Cactaceae: Cactoideae, 2+ tribes | 92/1250 – subfamily | Crown = 30 Ma |
| Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae* | 29/1200 – subfamily | 43–23 Ma |
| Fabaceae: Mimosoideae, 2 tribes* | 82/3275 – subfamily | Crown = 59–39 Ma |
| Myrtaceae: Leptospermoideae* | 131/4620 – family | Stem = 93 Ma |
| Pandanaceae: Freycinetiodeae | 4/885 – family | Crown = 51 Ma |
| Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae* | 45/855 – subfamily | Stem = 118 Ma; crown = 82 Ma |
Family characteristics include geographical distribution and number of genera/species. Plant data in columns 1 and 2 come from Mabberly (1997) or APG II. Data on estimated ages of families come from APG II, Barker et al. (2007) and Ricklefs (2006).
* Bird pollination also occurs in these taxa