Table 1.
List of the species studied
| Species | Successional status | Family/taxonomic group | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bromus madritensis | Early | Poaceae (1) | BROMMADR |
| Crepis foetida | Early | Asteraceae (2) | CREPFOET |
| Geranium rotundifolium | Early | Geraniaceae | GERAROTU |
| Medicago minima | Early | Fabaceae (3) | MEDIMINI |
| Veronica persica | Early | Plantaginaceae (4) | VEROPERSI |
| Calamintha nepeta | Intermediate | Lamiaceae (4) | CALANEPE |
| Dactylis glomerata | Intermediate | Poaceae (1) | DACTGLOM |
| Daucus carota | Intermediate | Apiaceae | DAUCCARO |
| Picris hieracioides | Intermediate | Asteraceae (2) | PICRHIER |
| Tordylium maximum | Intermediate | Apiaceae | TORDMAXI |
| Trifolium angustifolium | Intermediate | Fabaceae (3) | TRIFANGU |
| Bituminaria bituminosa | Advanced | Fabaceae (3) | BITUBITU |
| Brachypodium phoenicoides | Advanced | Poaceae | BRACPHOE |
| Bromus erectus | Advanced | Poaceae (1) | BROMEREC |
| Inula conyza | Advanced | Asteraceae (2) | INULCONY |
| Rubia peregrina | Advanced | Rubiaceae | RUBIPERE |
| Teucrium chamaedrys | Advanced | Lamiaceae (4) | TEUCCHAM |
Species are representative of three stages of a Mediterranean post-cultural succession (see Garnier et al., 2004 for details) following vineyard abandonment: early (2–6 years); intermediate (7–15 years); advanced (15–45 years). Four taxonomic groups were constructed (taxonomic relationships from Soltis et al., 2000) with one species per successional stage.