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. 2009 Oct;331(1):197–203. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.155747

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© 2009 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Fig. 3. — Desensitization with VIP eliminates the positive chronotropic (phase 1) response to PACAP27. A, bolus injection of 1 nmol of VIP causes tachycardia that is accompanied by desensitization in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. Under this condition, bolus injection of PACAP27 causes bradycardia only instead of the typical biphasic change in heart rate. B, summary data showing the loss of phase 1 response to PACAP27 after desensitization with VIP. ∗, significantly different from control response to PACAP27 shown in Fig. 1 (P = 0.003; n = 4 for VIP desensitization group).