PACAP27 causes slow depolarization of most intrinsic cardiac neurons. Maxadilan, PACAP27, or VIP was delivered by local puffer application to individual intrinsic cardiac neurons in atrial whole mount preparations while recording membrane potential (Vm). PACAP27 caused membrane depolarization in a majority of neurons, whereas maxadilan and VIP rarely affected Vm. ∗, significantly different from responses to maxadilan and VIP (ANOVA: F2,26 = 5.03, P < 0.02).