Table 3.

Nutrient intakes and proportion of survivors below Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)

	EAR male/female	Mean intake ± SD	Below EAR		Above UL
			n	%	n	%
Vitamin A (RAE)	625/500
Supplement nonusersa		690 ± 626	110	57df	1	0.5
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		703 ± 639	251	45d	5	1
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		1576 ± 937	47	8f	5	1
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol equivalents in mg)	12/12
Supplement nonusersa		7.6 ± 5.8	167	86f	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		10.1 ± 11.4	451	81	0	0
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		86 ± 125	67	12f	0	0
Vitamin C (mg)	75/60
Supplement nonusersa		63 ± 48	124	64ef	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		80.5 ± 53.8	261	47e	0	0
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		292 ± 379	52	9f	4	0.5
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.4/1.3
Supplement nonusersa		1.5 ± 0.7	91	47f	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		1.7 ± 0.9	229	41	0	0
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		8.0 ± 19.1	42	8f	13	2
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	2.0/2.0
Supplement nonusersa		5.4 ± 7.9	33	17f	No UL
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		4.8 ± 4.7	91	16
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		99 ± 369	18	3f
Folate (dietary folate equivalents (DFE))	320/320
Supplement nonusersa		443 ± 235	67	35df	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		498 ± 285	147	26d	1	0.2
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		1078 ± 505	22	4f	22	4
Magnesium (mg)	350/265
Supplement nonusersa		222 ± 85	174	90ef	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		246 ± 95	428	77e	0	0
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		338 ± 138	225	40f	10	2
Zinc (mg)	9.4/6.8
Supplement nonusersa		11.9 ± 17.4	92	48f	7	4
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		10.0 ± 6.4	222	40	4	1
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		25.5 ± 16.9	37	7f	48	9
Iron (mg)	6.0/5.0
Supplement nonusersa		12.8 ± 5.9	9	5	0	0
Supplement users: dietary intake onlyb		13.8 ± 6.9	6	1	4	0.5
Supplement users: dietary + supplemental intakec		15.1 ± 17.3	6	1	8	1.5

^aSupplement nonusers (n = 194); only dietary sources were used to calculate nutrient intake

^bSupplement users: dietary intake only (n = 559); supplemental intake was excluded from nutrient intake

^cSupplement users: dietary + supplemental intake (n = 559); supplemental intake was included in nutrient intake

^dSignificant differences noted between users and nonusers (dietary intake only); P < 0.05

^eSignificant differences noted between users and nonusers (dietary intake only); P < 0.001

^fSignificant differences noted between users and nonusers (dietary + supplemental intake); P < 0.001