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. 2009 Oct 14;3:32. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-3-32

Table 3.

Means and standard deviations of outcome variables, by martial arts group, kindergarten to third grade sample (n = 8851)

Group Grade K Behavior:
mean (sd)
Grade 3 Behavior
mean (sd)
N for Group
Martial arts in K, not 3 3.28(0.46) 3.16 (0.57) 212

Martial arts in 3, not K 3.15 (0.51) 3.12 (0.52) 584

Martial arts both K and 3 3.25 (0.51) 3.17 (0.52) 80

Martial arts Neither 3.26 (0.50) 3.19 (0.52) 7975