Table 7.

Schematic overview of studies involving imipramine in human experimental pain models

	Reference	Dose	Model (pain assessments)	Findings
Acute models	[83] (n= 18)	100 mg p.o.	Pressure algometry (phalanx) PTT, single and repeated electrical skin stimulation PDT, PTT Cold pressor test VAS, peak pain AUCVAS	PTT to pressure and electrical stimulation ↑ PDT to electrical stimulation ↔ Pain intensity during the cold pressor test ↔
	[85] (n= 12)	100 mg p.o.	Heat skin stimulation (1 °C s−1) PDT, PTT Pressure algometry (phalanx) PTT Single and repeated electrical skin stimulation nociceptive reflex, PTT, summation threshold Cold pressor test VAS, peak pain AUCVAS, discomfort rating	PDT to heat and pressure↔, PTT to heat and pressure ↑ Nociceptive reflex threshold ↑, reflex amplitudes ↔, PTT to single and repeated electrical stimulation ↑ Cold pressor test: peak pain↓, other parameters unaffected
	[86] (n= 10)	100 mg p.o.	Argon laser pain Pinprick pain and warmth threshold, evoked potentials	No parameters were affected
	[82] (n= 20)	100 mg p.o.	Intracutaneous electrical stimulation VAS, evoked brain potentials, power spectrum	VAS ↓ Evoked brain potentials: power spectrum was altered and amplitudes ↓
	[84] (n= 16)	100 mg p.o.	Stimulation of nasal mucosa by CO2 VAS, evoked brain potentials, power spectrum	VAS ↓ Evoked potentials and power spectrum ↔
	[89] (n= 15)	75 mg p.o.	Oesophageal balloon distension first sensation, PDT	First sensation ↔ PDT ↑

In the column ‘model’ the method for pain assessment is normal font, and the method for pain induction is bold. PDT, pain detection threshold; PTT, pain tolerance threshold; AUC, area under curve; VAS, visual analogue scale; HA, hyperalgesia.