. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 25.

Published in final edited form as: Ambul Pediatr. 2008 Apr 11;8(3):154–162. doi: 10.1016/j.ambp.2008.02.002

Table 2.

Correlations among Demographic and Study Outcome Variables

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1. PDE status	--	.58^***	.12	−.47^***	.48^***	.48^***	−.09	.11	−.28^***	−.06	.37^***	−.15+	−.13+	−.12	−.11	.17^*	.02
2. Prenatal tobacco exposure		--	.26^***	−.38^***	.30^***	−.34^***	−.15^*	.05	−.22^**	.03	.30^***	−.16^*	−.18^*	−.18^*	−.15^*	.16^*	.08
3. Prenatal alcohol exposure			--	−.12	.05	−.08	−.18^*	.08	.01	.11	.13+	−.02	−.02	−.05	−.04	.07	.02
4. Infant birth weight for gestational age				--	−.29^***	.24^**	.08	−.14+	.23^**	.06	−.22^**	.09	.07	.07	−.02	.04	.04
5. Number of primary caregiver changes (birth to age 7)					--	−.63^***	−.21^**	.10	−.23^***	.01	.17^*	−.23^***	−.19^*	−.13+	−.07	.13+	.02
6. Placement in non-maternal care						--	.09	−.12	.26^***	.14+	.06	.19^*	.08	.06	.05	−.11	−.03
7. Caregiver education							--	−.19^*	.21^**	−.20^**	−.12	.12	.06	.07	.09	−.05	−.04
8. Caregiver receives public assistance								--	−.29^***	.10	.20^*	−.17^*	−.12	−.14+	−.10	−.02	.08
9. Caregiver employment status									--	−.01	−.29^***	.17^*	.02	.06	.06	.02	−.02
10. Caregiver depressive symptoms (CES-D)										--	.09	−.13+	−.12	−.22^**	−.20^**	.26^***	.41^***
11. Caregiver ongoing drug use											--	−.09	−.12	−.11	−.02	.07	.03
12. Child SB-IV total composite standard score												--	.56^***	.55^***	.59^***	−.15+	−.16^*
13. Child WRAT-3 Reading Achievement													--	.88^***	.69^***	−.29^***	−.25^**
14. Child WRAT-3 Spelling Achievement														--	.66^***	−.26^**	−.22^**
15. Child WRAT-3 Arithmetic Achievement															--	−.23^**	−.28^***
16. Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing behavior problems																--	.67^***
17. Child Behavior Checklist Internalizing behavior problems																	--

Note. p< .05

^**

p< .01

^***

p <.001

N = 173