Table 1.
Demographic aspects, MMSE, DRS, CDR scores, and 1H MRS metabolite ratios at baseline*
| Control | All aMCI | aMCI-stable | aMCI-converter | AD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 49 | 31 | 18 | 60 |
| Age mean (SD) | 79.1 (7.2) | 78.0 (8.5) | 77.5 (9.2) | 78.9 (7.1) | 77.1 (7.2) |
| N Females (percent) | 47 (55) | 27 (55) | 15 (48) | 12 (67) | 33 (55) |
| Education mean (SD) years | 13.9 (2.6) | 13.7 (3.4) | 13.9 (3.4) | 13.3 (3.5) | 14.2 (2.6) |
| AChE-I therapy +/− (%+) | 0/85 (0) | 14/35 (29) | 6/25 (19)† | 8/10 (44) | 45/15 (75) |
| APOE, ε4 carrier/noncarrier (% carrier)‡ | 15/69 (18) | 25/24 (51) | 13/18 (42) | 12/6 (67) | 36/24 (60) |
| Periventricular leukoaraiosis rating mean (SD) | 1.29 (0.81) | 1.37 (0.91) | 1.39 (0.95) | 1.33 (0.84) | 1.38 (0.83) |
| Basal Ganglia leukoaraiosis rating mean (SD) | 0.40 (0.83) | 0.65 (0.93) | 0.65 (0.91) | 0.67 (0.97) | 0.50 (0.85) |
| Time between two MRS Median (IQR) years | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0)§ | 1.0 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) |
| NAA/Cr Mean (SD) | 1.53 (0.11) | 1.49 (0.09)|| | 1.48 (0.10) | 1.50 (0.08) | 1.43 (0.10)|| |
| Cho/Cr Mean (SD) | 0.61 (0.08) | 0.67 (0.06)|| | 0.67 (0.07) | 0.67 (0.04) | 0.68 (0.07)|| |
| mI/Cr Mean (SD) | 0.63 (0.07) | 0.69 (0.07)|| | 0.69 (0.06) | 0.69 (0.09) | 0.72 (0.07)|| |
| MMSE Median (IQR) | 29 (28,30) | 27 (25,29) | 27 (26,29) | 26 (25,28) | 23 (21,25) |
| DRS Median (IQR) | 140 (137, 141) | 129 (125, 135) | 134 (127, 135) | 126 (120, 129) | 117 (107, 124) |
| CDR Median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | 4 (3.5, 5.5) |
Variables that were normally distributed are presented as mean (standard deviation (SD)), variables that were not normally distributed are presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)). APC: annual percent change, IQR: interquartile range, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, DRS: Dementia Rating Scale, CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, aMCI: amnestic mild cognitive impairment, AD: Alzheimer’s Disease.
1H MRS metabolite ratios at baseline are reported at the mean age of 78 yrs.
During follow-up, more aMCI-converter and AD subjects were taking acetylcholine esterase (AChE-I) inhibitors than aMCI-stables.
Subjects with a genotype of ε3/4 and ε2/4 were grouped as ε4 carriers and subjects with ε2/3 and ε3/3 are grouped as noncarriers. There were more APOE, ε4 carriers in the patient groups than controls (p<0.001 Chi-square test)
Controls were followed longer than all other clinical groups (p<0.05)
Baseline 1H MRS metabolite values were different from controls (p<0.05)