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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 9;169(5):502–507. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.606

Table 2.

Relative Risk of Incident Gout According to Total Vitamin C intake

Total Vitamin C Intake (mg/day)
<250 250–499 500–999 1,000–1,499 ≥1500 P for trend
Cases 693 326 202 67 29 –
Person-years 436888 212384 153002 62415 32412 –
Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.0 1.00 0.85 0.68 0.55 <0.001
(0.88, 1.15) (0.73, 1.00) (0.53, 0.88) (0.38, 0.80)
Multivariate RR (95% CI) 1.0 0.97 0.83 0.66 0.55 <0.001
(0.85, 1.12) (0.71, 0.97) (0.52, 0.86) (0.38, 0.80)

RR denotes relative risk and CI confidence interval.

Age-adjusted models were adjusted for the total energy intake as well as age.

Multivariate models were adjusted for age, total energy intake, body mass index, diuretic use, history of hypertension, history of renal failure, and intake of alcohol, total meats, seafood, dairy foods, fructose, and coffee (regular and decaffeinated).