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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 9;169(5):502–507. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.606

Table 3.

Relative Risk of Incident Gout According to Supplemental Vitamin C intake

Supplemental Vitamin C Intake (mg/day)
0 1–249 250–499 500–999 1,000–1,499 ≥1500 P for trend
Cases 374 583 129 157 53 21 –
Person-years 243731 361396 103744 111577 51476 24682 –
Age-adjusted RR 1.0 1.14 0.88 0.96 0.69 0.55 <0.001
(95% CI) (0.99, 1.30) (0.72, 1.08) (0.79, 1.16) (0.51, 0.92) (0.36, 0.86)
Multivariate RR 1.0 1.10 0.86 0.92 0.66 0.55 <0.001
(95% CI) (0.96, 1.26) (0.70, 1.06) (0.76, 1.11) (0.49, 0.88) (0.36, 0.86)

RR denotes relative risk and CI confidence interval.

Age-adjusted models were adjusted for the total energy intake as well as age.

Multivariate models were adjusted for age, total energy intake, body mass index, diuretic use, history of hypertension, history of renal failure, and intake of alcohol, total meats, seafood, dairy foods, fructose, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), and dietary vitamin C.