Table 1.

Conflicts between measures^a

		Content unconscious according to:
		Objective	Strategic control	Subjective	Wagering
Content conscious according to:	Objective		Unconscious knowledge by Jacoby’s process dissociation procedure is ipso facto conscious by objective measures (e.g. Refs [60,72])	In both subliminal perception and implicit learning, subjects often pass objective tasks while claiming to have no knowledge or showing no relation between confidence and accuracy (e.g. [22,73–75])	Shown in blindsight and in the Iowa gambling task by [34]
	Strategic control	Not possible		Subjects can control which grammar to employ while claiming to be guessing [32] and hypnotized subjects can engage in strategic control while reporting no awareness [76]	Not yet shown but entirely possible (see below)
	Subjective	Not possible	Shown in Stroop effects – a person can report the word’s meaning but cannot control its rapid use		As yet only shown in our unpublished work – a person can report awareness but still wager indiscriminately
	Wagering	Not possible	Not yet shown but entirely possible (see Box 2)	Not yet shown but entirely possible (see Box 2)
	Widespread activation	Cognitive control system, including prefrontal cortex, activated by objectively invisible stimuli [56]	Likely for Stroop with clearly shown words [44]	Shown in a ‘relative blindsight’ paradigm [31]	Likely given the results with verbal subjective measures, but not yet tested
	Synchrony	γ synchrony persists during non-REM sleep and under anaesthesia [53]	As left	As left, also, similar levels of γ synchrony are observed during non-REM and during (reportable) REM sleep [52]	As left
	Complexity measures	Possible in theory (but see Φ). Not tested in practice	As left	As left	As left
		Content unconscious according to:
		Widespread activation	Synchrony	Complexity measures
Content conscious according to:	Objective	Local neuronal activity can support discriminatory behaviour in many non-conscious organisms (e.g. nematodes and worms). In humans, at least sensory and motor cortices need to be active	Unlikely given current evidence	Not yet tested but entirely possible
	Strategic control	Unlikely: strategic control probably requires activation in both perceptual and frontal regions	As above	Possible but not tested
	Subjective	As above	As above	As above
	Wagering	As above	As above	As above
	Widespread activation		Experimentally open. Some studies show increased long-range synchrony accompanying conscious access [48]	Possible in theory. Not tested in practice
	Synchrony	Gamma synchrony is often localized [47]		As above
	Complexity measures	High neural complexity (or Φ, or cd) probably requires widespread activity: all else being equal, larger networks will give rise to higher complexity values [17]	Possible in theory. Not tested in practice

^aRows indicate a measure finds the content conscious and columns indicate the measure finds the content unconscious. Entries reflect a scale according to which a particular conflict is (i) experimentally noted, (ii) not yet shown but entirely possible, (iii) experimentally open, (iv) possible but not tested, (v) unlikely given current evidence and/or theory, or (vi) not possible.