Table 5.
Summary of randomised controlled trials of nutritional interventions and tuberculosis (TB) by year of publication (adapted from Abba11) in community based adult patients unless stated otherwise
| Study | No of patients | Diagnosis | Other criteria | HIV co-infection | Intervention | Risk of bias* | Outcome measures, significant nutrition effect | Adverse events | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | Cure | Sputum conversion | Symptomatic improvement | Weight change | QoL | ||||||||
| Hanekom, 1997,21 South Africa | 85 | PTB | Hospitalised children | Excluded | Vitamin A | High | NM | NM | NM | No | no | NM | NM |
| Morcos, 1998,23 Egypt | 24 | PTB and EPTB | Children | NA | Vitamin D | High | NM | NM | NM | NM | No | NM | NM |
| Karyadi, 2002,22 Indonesia | 110 | Sm+ PTB | — | NA | Vitamin A and Zn | High | NM | No | Yes | NM | No | Yes | NM |
| Schon, 2003,24 Ethiopia | 120 | Sm+ PTB | — | Included | Arginine | High | NM | NM | Yes† | Yes† | Yes† | NM | NM |
| Paton, 2004,19 Singapore | 36 | PTB | Hospitalised, wasted | Excluded | High energy and protein | Medium | NM | NM | NM | NM | Yes | No | NM |
| Range, 2005,20 29 Tanzania | 530 | Cu+ or sm+ PTB | — | Included | Multivitamins, Zn | Low | No | NM | No | NM | Yes | NM | NM |
| Perez-Guzman, 2005,28 Mexico | 21 | Cu+ PTB | Hospitalised | Excluded | High cholesterol | High | NM | NM | Yes | No | NM | NM | NM |
| Nursyam, 2006,27 Indonesia | 67 | Cu+ PTB | Advanced disease | Excluded | Vitamin D | High | NM | NM | Yes | NM | NM | NM | NM |
| Seyedrezazadeh, 2006,30 Iran | 42 | Cu+ PTB | — | NA | Vitamin A and Se | High | NM | NM | No | NM | No | NM | NM |
| Semba, 2007,31 Malawi | 1148 | Sm+ PTB | — | Included | Multivitamins | Low | No | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM |
| Villamor, 2008,25 Tanzania | 887 | Sm+ PTB | — | Included | Multivitamins | Medium | No | Yes | No | NM | NM | NM | NM |
| Wejse, 2009,26 Guinea-Bissau | 365 | PTB and EPTB | — | Included | Vitamin D | Low | No | NM | No | No | No | NM | No |
| Current study | 270 | PTB | — | NA | Whole food | Low | No | No | No | No | Yes | NM | Yes |
NA = not available; NM = outcome not measured; Qol=quality of life; PTB = pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive and negative); Sm+ PTB = smear positive; cu+ PTB = culture positive; PTB and EPTB = pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB.
*According to Cochrane review (excluding current study): low risk = adequate randomisation, blinding and follow-up; medium = one of these inadequate; high = all are inadequate.
†No effect in patients with HIV co-infection.