A, Transcription factor binding domains located in the gene promoters of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL8. B, A549 cells were transfected with siRNA for NF-κB p65 or transduced with shCREB lentivirus; none-transduced cells and cells transfected with control siRNA/transduced with scrambled shRNA were used as controls. Proteins were extracted from the cells 72 h after transfection or 96 h after transduction. NF-κB and CREB protein expression levels were detected using western blot analysis. β-actin protein was probed as a loading control. C, A549 and H1734 cells were transfected with siRNA for NF-κB p65, and cells transfected with control siRNA were used as control. Seventy-two hours later, the cells were treated either with control medium or medium containing 2.5 ng/ml of IL-1β for 8h. D, A549 and H1734 cells were transduced with shCREB, and non-transduced cells and cells transduced with scrambled shRNA were used as controls. Ninety-six hours later, the cells were treated with or without 2.5 ng/ml of IL-1β for 24h. Total RNAs were isolated from the cells in (C) and (D). Real-time PCR was performed with specific primers for the indicated genes. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.