TABLE 4.

Cox regression models for progression in renal status (defined as any increase in albuminuria level or progression to ESRD) and a CVD event (coronary event, stroke, peripheral vascular event) during a median follow-up of 5.7 years

	Progression in renal status		CVD event
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Duration of diabetes (years)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.356	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	<0.001
Male sex	1.74 (1.30–2.33)	<0.001	1.17 (0.81–1.70)	0.399
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.032	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.19 (1.04–1.36)	0.014	1.11 (0.92–1.34)	0.267
Ever smoking	1.22 (0.92–1.63)	0.162	1.00 (0.70–1.43)	0.985
Diabetic nephropathy	NA	NA	1.78 (1.20–2.64)	0.004
CVD event	NA	NA	3.11 (2.10–4.59)	<0.001
Number of serial A1C measurements	1.09 (0.90–1.31)	0.397	0.88 (0.71–1.09)	0.245
Intrapersonal mean of serial A1C (%)	1.34 (1.20–1.51)	<0.001	1.01 (0.87–1.18)	0.892
Intrapersonal SD of serial A1C	1.92 (1.49–2.47)	<0.001	1.98 (1.39–2.82)	<0.001

Diabetic nephropathy: macroalbuminuria and/or ESRD. Serial A1C represents all available A1C measurements from baseline to follow-up, for which intrapersonal mean and SD were calculated. All other variables are from baseline. NA, not applicable.