Table 3.
Fetal and neonatal complications in type 1 diabetic pregnancies and the general obstetric population
| Outcome variable | Proportions (% if not indicated otherwise) |
OR (95% CI) for group differences |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes | Control | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Stillbirth | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4.04 (3.02–5.40) | 3.34 (2.46–4.55) |
| Fetal distress | 14 | 6.2 | 2.45 (2.24–2.69) | 2.34 (2.12–2.58) |
| Perinatal mortality (‰) | 20 | 4.8 | 4.02 (3.11–5.20) | 3.29 (2.50–4.33) |
| Neonatal mortality, 0–7 days (‰) | 5.1 | 1.8 | 2.91 (1.97–4.28) | 3.05 (1.68–5.55) |
| Neonatal mortality, 0–28 days (‰) | 7.0 | 2.2 | 3.08 (2.02–4.70) | 2.67 (1.72–4.16) |
| Birth <37 weeks gestational age | 21 | 5.1 | 5.27 (4.88–5.71) | 4.86 (4.47–5.28) |
| Birth <32 weeks gestational age | 2.3 | 0.7 | 3.58 (2.89–4.44) | 3.08 (2.45–3.87) |
| LGA | 31 | 3.6 | 12.2 (11.4–13.1) | 11.4 (10.6–12.4) |
| SGA | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) |
| Major malformations | 4.7 | 1.8 | 2.70 (2.37–3.08) | 2.50 (2.13–2.94) |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 3.1 | 1.1 | 2.98 (2.54–3.50) | 2.60 (2.14–3.17) |
| Apgar score <4 at 5 min | 0.80 | 0.30 | 2.60 (1.79–3.78) | 2.39 (1.64–3.51) |
| Erb palsy* | 2.1 | 0.25 | 7.91 (5.77–10.8) | 6.69 (4.81–9.31) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 1.0 | 0.20 | 4.88 (3.51–6.81) | 4.65 (2.20–9.84) |
| Respiratory disorders | 9.5 | 2.6 | 4.02 (3.67–4.42) | 3.42 (3.04–3.85) |
Data are proportions or OR (95% CI). Adjusted OR, OR adjusted for group differences in maternal age, BMI, parity, chronic hypertensive disorder, smoking habits, and ethnicity.
*Vaginal deliveries only.