Table 1.
Anthropometric and laboratory parameters of study subjects
| Type 2 diabetes | IGT | NGT | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (female/male) | 99 (53/46) | 77 (42/35) | 187 (112/75) |
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Age (years) | 63 ± 11 | 63 ± 12 | 60 ± 13 |
| Body weight (kg) | 77 ± 17 | 71 ± 16 | 77 ± 17 |
| Height (cm) | 161 ± 9 | 158 ± 10 | 160 ± 10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 ± 6.3 | 28.3 ± 5.0 | 29.9 ± 6.0 |
| Waist (cm) | 98 ± 14 | 94 ± 14 | 95 ± 15 |
| Waist-to-thigh ratio | 1.84 ± 0.19* | 1.81 ± 0.23 | 1.74 ± 0.24 |
| Smoking habit n (%) | 20 (20%) | 15 (19%) | 46 (25%) |
| Alcohol consumption (alcohol units) | 3 ± 11 | 2 ± 10 | 2 ± 8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 161 ± 24* | 155 ± 20 | 151 ± 21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 86 ± 14* | 83 ± 13 | 82 ± 12 |
| Biochemical laboratory parameters | |||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.27 ± 1.67*† | 5.55 ± 0.83* | 5.11 ± 0.50 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | 12.71 ± 3.83*† | 9.10 ± 0.83* | 4.83 ± 1.22 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.00 ± 1.03 | 6.03 ± 1.01 | 6.15 ± 1.24 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.14 ± 0.34*† | 1.34 ± 0.49 | 1.32 ± 0.39 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.63 ± 0.92*† | 1.37 ± 0.57 | 1.38 ± 0.51 |
| ALT (units/liter) | 27 ± 10 | 28 ± 11 | 26 ± 8 |
| AST (units/liter) | 24 ± 11 | 23 ± 15 | 22 ± 15 |
| GGT (units/liter) | 36 ± 30 | 35 ± 31 | 27 ± 30 |
| ALP (units/liter) | 174 ± 51 | 176 ± 45 | 172 ± 45 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 286 ± 79 | 297 ± 66 | 275 ± 61 |
| Hormones | |||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 131 ± 108*† | 103 ± 52 | 95 ± 41 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 10.7 ± 4.5 | 10.0 ± 5.8 | 10.4 ± 5.0 |
| MCP-1/CCL2 (pg/ml) | 224 ± 275* | 195 ± 171 | 159 ± 113 |
| Insulin sensitivity | |||
| QUICKI | 0.127 ± 0.014*† | 0.136 ± 0.014 | 0.138 ± 0.011 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%). Leptin, insulin, triglycerides, glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP are expressed as geometric means ±SD. Subjects with a previously proved diagnosis of diabetes did not undergo an OGTT.
*P < 0.05 vs. NGT.
†P < 0.05 vs. IGT ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis.