Table 3.
Associations between reduced flicker-induced arteriolar and venular dilation and diabetes
| Dynamic flicker-induced dilation |
Diabetes |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n * | Tertiles | Range (%) | % | Model 1 | P | Model 2 | P | Model 3 | P |
| Arteriolar | |||||||||
| 173 | Lowest | ≤0.6 | 89.0 | 12.6 (5.54–28.7) | <0.001 | 19.7 (6.53–59.1) | <0.001 | 19.5 (6.30–60.2) | <0.001 |
| 182 | Middle | 0.7–2.9 | 76.9 | 7.76 (3.75–16.1) | <0.001 | 11.2 (4.29–29.3) | <0.001 | 11.16 (4.22–29.5) | <0.001 |
| 178 | Highest | ≥3.0 | 45.5 | 1.00 (Reference) | — | 1.00 (Reference) | — | 1.00 (Reference) | — |
| Venular | |||||||||
| 178 | Lowest | ≤2.1 | 86.5 | 4.67 (2.19–9.96) | <0.001 | 8.14 (3.09–21.4) | <0.001 | 8.03 (3.05–21.2) | <0.001 |
| 177 | Middle | 2.2–3.7 | 67.8 | 1.17 (0.64–2.14) | 0.62 | 1.43 (0.66–3.13) | 0.37 | 1.40 (0.64–3.08) | 0.40 |
| 182 | Highest | ≥3.8 | 56.0 | 1.00 (Reference) | — | 1.00 (Reference) | — | 1.00 (Reference) | — |
Data are ORs (95% CI) unless indicated otherwise. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and fasting blood glucose level. Model 2: adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus diabetes duration, use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, current smoking status, SBP, and fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Model 3: adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus static retinal arteriolar or venular diameter.
*n indicates number of eyes.