Table 1.

Demographic, clinical, and sleep characteristics of the study population

	All	Diabetes		Sleep difficulty			Sleep duration (h)
		No	Yes	Normal sleeping	Poor sleep	Insomnia	≤5	5–6	>6
n	1,741	1,327	414	1,022	520	199	449	430	862
Age (years)	48.7 ± 13.52	47.3 ± 14.2	57.1 ± 8.6	49.3 ± 14.9	46.5 ± 11.56	49.9 ± 9.88	58.3 ± 11.78	51.4 ± 13.12	44.0 ± 12.0
BMI	27.6 ± 5.67	27.0 ± 5.6	31.2 ± 5.1	27.0 ± 5.52	28.8 ± 5.57	29.0 ± 6.11	28.06 ± 5.40	27.8 ± 5.44	27.1 ± 2.89
BMI percentile
25th	24.0	23.5	25.2	23.8	24.6	23.4	23.8	24.2	24.2
50th	26.2	25.5	28.3	26.0	27.3	27.7	26.2	26.6	26.5
75th	30.2	28.6	32.5	29.3	31.9	32.6	29.8	30.3	30.9
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) (%)	26	19	39	21	35	40	24	27	29
Sex (% male)	48	44	72	53	37	26	59	50	42
Ethnicity (% white)	86	86	87	86	87	76	93	85	83
Diabetes (%)	14	—	—	13	15	18	22	18	9
Glucose (mg/dl)	104 ± 35	93 ± 14	164 ± 43	103 ± 38	103 ± 29	109 ± 32	114 ± 38	107 ± 36	98 ± 31
Current smoker (%)	26	25	27	27	27	21	26	21	27
Current alcohol consumption (%)	16	17	15	19	9	14	16	19	15
Depression (%)	17	17	19	10	20	42	17	17	18
Hypertension (%)	35	31	64	33	36	52	56	40	25
AHI ≥5 (%)	11	8	15	11	11	9	7	11	20
Sleep duration (%)
≤5 h	21	19	34	21	19	30	—	—	—
5–6 h	23	21	30	21	26	25	—	—	—
>6 h	56	59	36	58	55	44	—	—	—
Sleep difficulty
Normal sleeping	70	71	66	—	—	—	70	66	72
Poor sleep	22	22	24	—	—	—	20	26	22
Insomnia	8	7	10	—	—	—	11	8	6

Data are means ± SD unless indicated otherwise and are adjusted for sampling weight. AHI, apnea-hypopnea index.