Table 1.
Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics and Outcomes
| Maternal Characteristics | |
| Age (y) | 23.3 ± 5.4 |
| Race | |
| Black | 1,217 (29.5) |
| White | 2,196 (53.2) |
| Asian | 58 (1.4) |
| Other | 655 (15.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |
| Pre-pregnancy | 25.0 ± 5.8 |
| Delivery | 31.0 ± 6.0 |
| Ethnic group | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,010 (24.5) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 3,116 (75.5) |
| Gestational age (wk) | 39.7 ± 1.3 |
| Type of labor | |
| Spontaneous | 2,535 (61.4) |
| Induced | 1,591 (38.6) |
| Use of oxytocin | 3,592 (87.1) |
| Use of epidural analgesia | 3,916 (94.9) |
| Duration of 1st stage of labor | 13.6 ± 7.1 |
| Type of delivery | |
| Spontaneous | 3,054 (74.0) |
| Operative vaginal | 765 (18.5) |
| Cesarean | 307 (7.4) |
| Chorioamnionitis* | 151 (3.9) |
| 3rd or 4th degree perineal laceration** | 332 (8.7) |
| Endometritis | 121 (2.9) |
| Uterine atony | 160 (3.9) |
| Blood transfusion | 36 (0.9) |
| Neonatal Characteristics and Outcomes | |
| Birthweight (gm) | 3335 ± 451 |
| 5-minute Apgar < 4 | 3 (0.1) |
| Umbilical artery pH < 7.0*** | 16 (0.5) |
| Intubation in delivery room | 20 (0.5) |
| Neonatal intensive care admission | 181 (4.4) |
| Sepsis | 6 (0.1) |
| Brachial plexus injury | 11 (0.3) |
| Composite# | 104 (2.5) |
Data are presented as mean (± standard deviation) or number (percent)
*
Excludes 246 women diagnosed with chorioamnionitis in the first stage.
**
Vaginal deliveries only
***
Values available for 3,524 fetuses.
#
Any of the following: a 5-minute Apgar score below 4, an umbilical artery pH under 7.0, seizures, intubation in the delivery room, stillbirth, neonatal death, or admission to a neonatal intensive care unit for more than 48 hours