Table 5.
Outcomes stratified by mode of delivery and second stage duration < or ≥ 3 hours
| Vaginal | Cesarean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 3 Hours (n = 3620) | ≥ 3 Hours (n = 199) | P | < 3 Hours (n = 146) | ≥3 Hours (n = 161) | P | |
| Maternal outcomes | ||||||
| Chorioamnionitis | 101 (3.0) | 21 (11.4) | <0.01 | 9 (6.8) | 20 (14.0) | 0.05 |
| 3rd or 4th degree perineal laceration | 271 (7.5) | 61 (30.7) | <0.01 | |||
| Endometritis | 87 (2.4) | 9 (4.5) | 0.06 | 12 (8.2) | 13 (8.1) | 0.96 |
| Uterine atony | 124 (3.4) | 17 (8.5) | <0.01 | 8 (5.5) | 11 (6.8) | 0.62 |
| Blood transfusion | 26 (0.7) | 4 (2.0) | 0.07 | 3 (2.1) | 3 (1.9) | 1.00 |
| Neonatal Outcomes | ||||||
| 5-minute Apgar < 4 | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.48 |
| Umbilical artery pH < 7.0 | 11 (0.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0.47 | 3 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | 0.62 |
| Intubation in delivery room | 16 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.60 | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.11 |
| Neonatal intensive care | 140 (3.9) | 14 (7.0) | 0.03 | 12 (8.2) | 15 (9.3) | 0.73 |
| Sepsis | 5 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.48 |
| Brachial plexus injury | 9 (0.2) | 2 (1.0) | 0.11 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | --- |
| Composite* | 79 (2.2) | 8 (4.0) | 0.13 | 9 (6.2) | 8 (5.0) | 0.65 |
*
Any of the following: a 5-minute Apgar score below 4, an umbilical artery pH under 7.0, seizures, intubation in the delivery room, stillbirth, neonatal death, or admission to a neonatal intensive care unit for more than 48 hours