Model geometry of silica particles (material, p; radius, r) covered by a sheath layer of Au nanoparticles (material, s; thickness, δ) that was used to determine the pair interparticle potentials. Material s is a composite layer made of Au nanoparticles covering 30% of the silica surface and separated by solvent. The nanoparticle surfaces are separated by a distance x across the water medium (material, w). The overall nanoparticle radius is r + δ.