Table I.
Mean Scores (SD) on Measures of Hormone Levels, Spatial Ability, and Gender Role Behavior Confirming Expected Sex Differences
| Task/Measure | Sex Difference? | Means | Effect Size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | ||||
| Spatial Tasks | Mental Rotation | Yes*** | 13.78 (4.61) n = 55 |
9.06 (4.33) n = 50 |
d = 1.06 |
| Targeting | Yes*** | 6.23 (1.78) n = 55 |
9.53 (2.77) n = 50 |
d = 1.41 | |
| Spatial Memory – Errors | No | 7.82 (9.71) n = 55 |
5.60 (6.58) n = 50 |
d = .27 | |
| Location Memory | No | 0.74 (0.10) n = 41 |
0.76 (0.11) n = 38 |
d = .18 | |
| Gender Role Measures | PSAI | Yes*** | 76.26 (9.11) n = 54 |
36.74 (15.60) n = 43 |
d = 3.09 |
| OAT-PM – Masculine Score | Yes*** | 2.43 (0.32) n = 54 |
2.12 (0.40) n = 43 |
d = .87 | |
| OAT-PM Feminine Score | Yes*** | 2.00 (0.25) n = 54 |
2.46 (0.31) n = 43 |
d = 1.65 | |
| OAT-AM | Yes*** | 0.15 (0.15) n = 54 |
0.05 (0.09) n = 43 |
d = .78 | |
| BSRI – Feminine Scale | Yes*** | 4.71 (0.56) n = 54 |
5.27 (0.68) n = 43 |
d = .89 | |
| BSRI – Masculine Scale | Yes* | 5.53 (0.83) n = 54 |
5.16 (0.65) n = 43 |
d = .49 | |
| Digit Ratio | Right 2D:4D | No | 0.96 (0.03) n = 58 |
0.97 (0.03) n = 52 |
d =.28 |
| Left 2D:4D | No | 0.96 (0.04) n = 58 |
0.96 (0.04) n = 52 |
d =.17 | |
| Salivary Testosterone (pg/mL) | Average Testosterone | Yes*** | 230.99 (85.49) n = 58 |
110.70 (51.05) n = 50 |
d = 1.71 |
| Salivary Estradiol (pg/mL) | Average Estradiol | Not Applicable | Not measured | 11.30 (5.92) n = 47 |
Not Applicable |
*
Note. p < .05.
***
p < .001.