Ectopic expression of WIF1 in TSU-PR1 cells inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model. TSU-PR1 cells (2 × 106) stably transfected with pRK5 control or WIF1 were injected into the left flank of NCR-nu/nu (nude) mice. A, points, mean tumor volume (each group contains 10 mice); bars, SE. B, at the termination of the study on day 50, tumors were excised from each mouse in different groups and weighed. Wet weight of tumors is represented as mean of 10 tumors from individual mouse in each group. P < 0.05 at the termination of the experiments. Bars, SE. C, immunohistochemical staining of ectopic WIF1 expression (with anti-WIF1 antibody) in harvested mouse tumor samples. D, model of a mechanism by which WIF-1 induces G1 arrest. WIF-1 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin- and TCF4/LEF1-mediated transcription of cell cycle-related genes (SKP2 and c-myc), leadingto up-regulation of p27 and p21 followed by G1 arrest.