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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Nov 3;57(1):94–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02052.x

Table 2.

Model 1. Cognitive Decline as Predictors of Mortality, without Adjustment for Dementia (covariates include: age, sex, education, depression, recruitment status [volunteer vs. random], general and a specific cognitive function at baseline).

Cognitive Domains* Overall Age 65 – 74 Age 75 – 84
HR (95% CI) Significant covariates HR (95% CI) Significant covariates HR (95% CI) Significant covariates
General cognition decline 2.2§ (1.7–2.8) Age§ 2.6§ (1.6–4.4) Volunteer 2.2§ (1.7–2.8) Age§
Female Baseline general cognition Female§
Volunteer§
Memory composite decline 2.6 (1.2–5.9) Age§ 31.9§ (6.3–160.9) Volunteer NS Age§, female
Volunteer Baseline memory Higher education
Baseline memory§ Baseline memory§
Learning composite decline 2.4 (1.1–4.7) Age§ 8.5 (1.9–37.4) Volunteer NS Age§, female
Volunteer Baseline learning Higher education
Baseline learning§ Baseline learning§
Visuospatial composite decline NS Age§ 3.2 (1.1–9.5) Volunteer NS Age§, female§
Female§ Baseline visuospatial Higher education
Volunteer Baseline visuospatial§
Baseline visuospatial§
Language composite decline 4.1§ (2.3–7.3) Age§ 6.5 (1.9–22.9) Volunteer 3.1§ (1.6–6.0) Age§
Female Baseline language Female§
Volunteer
Baseline language
Executive composite decline 7.5§ (2.6–20.8) Age§ 35.1§ (5.9–206.9) Volunteer NS Age§
Female Baseline executive§ Female§
Higher education Higher education
Volunteer Baseline executive
Baseline executive§
Processing speed decline 6.6§ (3.1–13.4) Age§ NS Volunteer 7.4§ (3.3–16.4) Age§
Female Female
Volunteer Baseline speed§
Baseline speed§
*

Separate model fit for average annual decline in each domain; model also adjusts for baseline score in that domain.

p<0.05;

p<0.01;

§

p<0.001; Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons p < 0.005

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