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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Nov 3;57(1):94–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02052.x

Table 2.

Model 1. Cognitive Decline as Predictors of Mortality, without Adjustment for Dementia (covariates include: age, sex, education, depression, recruitment status [volunteer vs. random], general and a specific cognitive function at baseline).

Cognitive Domains* Overall Age 65 – 74 Age 75 – 84
HR (95% CI) Significant covariates HR (95% CI) Significant covariates HR (95% CI) Significant covariates
General cognition decline 2.2§ (1.7–2.8) Age§ 2.6§ (1.6–4.4) Volunteer‡ 2.2§ (1.7–2.8) Age§
Female‡ Baseline general cognition‡ Female§
Volunteer§
Memory composite decline 2.6† (1.2–5.9) Age§ 31.9§ (6.3–160.9) Volunteer‡ NS Age§, female‡
Volunteer‡ Baseline memory† Higher education‡
Baseline memory§ Baseline memory§
Learning composite decline 2.4† (1.1–4.7) Age§ 8.5‡ (1.9–37.4) Volunteer‡ NS Age§, female‡
Volunteer‡ Baseline learning† Higher education‡
Baseline learning§ Baseline learning§
Visuospatial composite decline NS Age§ 3.2† (1.1–9.5) Volunteer‡ NS Age§, female§
Female§ Baseline visuospatial‡ Higher education†
Volunteer‡ Baseline visuospatial§
Baseline visuospatial§
Language composite decline 4.1§ (2.3–7.3) Age§ 6.5‡ (1.9–22.9) Volunteer‡ 3.1§ (1.6–6.0) Age§
Female‡ Baseline language† Female§
Volunteer‡
Baseline language‡
Executive composite decline 7.5§ (2.6–20.8) Age§ 35.1§ (5.9–206.9) Volunteer‡ NS Age§
Female‡ Baseline executive§ Female§
Higher education‡ Higher education‡
Volunteer‡ Baseline executive‡
Baseline executive§
Processing speed decline 6.6§ (3.1–13.4) Age§ NS Volunteer† 7.4§ (3.3–16.4) Age§
Female† Female‡
Volunteer‡ Baseline speed§
Baseline speed§
*

Separate model fit for average annual decline in each domain; model also adjusts for baseline score in that domain.

†

p<0.05;

‡

p<0.01;

§

p<0.001; Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons p < 0.005