Table 3.
Model 2. Cognitive Decline as Predictors of Mortality, with Adjustment for Dementia (additional covariates include: age, sex, education, depression, recruitment status [volunteer vs. random], general and specific cognitive function at baseline).
Cognitive Domains* | Overall | Age 65 – 74 | Age 75 – 84 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | Significant covariates | HR (95% CI) | Significant covariates | HR (95% CI) | Significant covariates | |
General cognition decline | 1.9‡ (1.5–2.4) | Age§, Female‡ | 2.0† (1.1–3.6) | Volunteer‡ | 1.8§ (1.4–2.4) | Age§ |
Volunteer‡ | Baseline general cognition† | Female§ | ||||
Dementia‡ | Dementia‡ | |||||
Memory composite decline | NS | Age§ | 23.5‡ (3.6–153.6) | Volunteer‡ | NS | Age§, female‡ |
Female† | Higher education† | |||||
Volunteer‡ | Dementia§ | |||||
Dementia§ | Baseline memory† | |||||
Learning composite decline | NS | Age§ | NS | Volunteer‡ | NS | Age§, female‡ |
Volunteer‡ | Baseline learning† | Higher education† | ||||
Dementia§ | Dementia§ | |||||
Baseline learning‡ | Baseline learning† | |||||
Visuospatial composite decline | NS | Age§ | NS | Volunteer‡ | NS | Age§, female§ |
Female§ | Dementia† | Higher education† | ||||
Volunteer‡ | Baseline visuospatial† | Dementia§ | ||||
Baseline visuospatial§ | Baseline visuospatial§ | |||||
Language composite decline | 2.6‡ (1.4–5.1) | Age§ | NS | Volunteer‡ | NS | Age§ |
Female‡ | Baseline language† | Female§ | ||||
Volunteer‡ | Dementia§ | |||||
Dementia‡ | ||||||
Baseline language† | ||||||
Executive composite decline | 4.5‡ (1.5–13.4) | Age§, Female‡ | 21.8‡ (3.2–147.8) | Volunteer‡ | NS | Age§ |
Higher education† | Baseline executive‡ | Female§ | ||||
Volunteer‡ | Higher education‡ | |||||
Dementia‡ | Dementia‡ | |||||
Baseline executive§ | Baseline executive† | |||||
Processing speed decline | 4.2§ (2.0–9.2) | Age§ | NS | Volunteer‡ | 5.3§ (2.2–12.6) | Age§ |
Female‡ | Baseline speed‡ | Female‡ | ||||
Volunteer‡ | Dementia† | |||||
Dementia‡ | Baseline speed§ | |||||
Baseline speed§ |
Separate model fit for average annual decline in each domain; model also adjusts for baseline score in that domain.
p<0.05;
p<0.01;
p<0.001; Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons p < 0.005