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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 27.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Mar;231(3):229–236. doi: 10.1177/153537020623100301

Table 1.

Sources of Extra-pituitary TSH

Cells Stimulus Reference
Leukocytes SEAa, TRHband immune activation 3, 4, 5
Dendritic cells SEBc 7
Bone marrow cells spontaneous 9
Intestinal epithelial cells and T cells spontaneous and virus-induced 11
CD11b+ intra-thyroidal cells spontaneous; possibly after
activation		 8
a

Staphylococcus enterotoxin A

b

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

c

Staphylococcus enterotoxin B