. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am Heart J. 2009 Sep 22;158(5):761–767. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.08.015

Table III.

Relative risks (95% CI) of sudden cardiac death associated with the isocaloric substitution of energy of major types of fat with trans fat intake

	RR (95% CI)^*
Intake of trans fat for:
Carbohydrates (2%)^†	1.20 (0.75–1.91)
Saturated fat (2%)^†	1.22 (0.74–2.00)
Monounsaturated fat (2%)^†	1.20 (0.72–2.01)
Total polyunsaturated fat (2%)^†	1.37 (0.83–2.28)
omega-3 fat (1%)^‡	1.74 (0.83–3.67)
omega-6 fat (1%)^‡	1.11 (0.84–1.46)

Model adjusted for age, calories, smoking, BMI, parental history of MI, menopausal status, use of postmenopausal hormones, aspirin use, multivitamin and vitamin E supplements, physical activity, alcohol intake and diagnosis of stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol

^†

From a single model including linear terms for all types of fat (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans), protein, and total energy intake. The relative risk is for a substitution of 2% of total energy.

^‡

From a single model including linear terms for all types of fat (saturated, monounsaturated, omega-3 polyunsaturated, omega-6 polyunsaturated, and trans), protein, and total energy intake. The relative risk is for a substitution of 1% of total energy.