Table 3.

Key Aspects of Studies Correlating Sleep and Temperament Development

Author	N	Mode of Sleep Assessment	Timing of Sleep Assessment	Mode of Development Assessment	Timing of Development Assessment
1. Novosad et al.93	41 healthy newborns	Motility Monitoring System	Postnatal Day 1 & 2	RITQ	8 months
2. Carey95	60 infants*	Questionnaire	6 months	ITQ	6 months
3. Schaefer96	100 infants and children*	Questionnaire	6 months– 3 years	ITQ	6 months– 3 years
4. Weissbluth97	60 healthy infants	Questionnaire	< 8 months	ITQ	< 8 months
5. Halpern et al.98	21 healthy infants	Questionnaire	3 weeks, 3 months	EITQ	3 weeks, 3 months
6. Spruyt et al.99	20 healthy infants	Sleep Diaries, actigraphy	Monthly for first year of life	EITQ & RITQ	3, 6, and 11 months
7. Scher et al.100	30 healthy infants	Actigraphy	12 months	Carey Toddler Temperament Questionnaire	12 months
8. Keener et al.101	23 infants*	Time-lapse video recording	6 months	RITQ	6 months
9. Weissbluth et al.104	53 healthy infants	Pneumograms	3–5 weeks	RITQ	> 4 months
10. Kelmanson105	200 healthy infants	Maternal report	2–4 months	EITQ	2–4 months

^*no data on medical history.

Study characteristics including number of infants, modes of sleep and development assessment, and timing of sleep and development assessments are provided.

Abbreviations: ITQ = Infant Temperament Questionnaire; EITQ = Early Infant Temperament Questionnaire; RITQ = Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire