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. 2009 Sep 11;10(9):4033–4065. doi: 10.3390/ijms10094033

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© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Scheme 1. — Schematic of hydrolysis. This reaction is a 2^nd order nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction group breaks and two new species form.