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. 2009 Oct 19;119(11):3408–3419. doi: 10.1172/JCI38854

Figure 1. Smad4 downregulation is common in human HNSCC.

Figure 1

(A) SMAD4 mRNA expression examined by qRT-PCR of 7 normal sleep apnea control samples, 36 HNSCC samples, and 36 matched adjacent mucosa samples. The relative expression of SMAD4 in sleep apnea controls was arbitrarily set as 100%. SMAD4 downregulation was defined as less than 50% that of normal sleep apnea controls. The average SMAD4 expression from each group is presented in the inset. Error bars indicate SEM, and significance was determined using Student’s t test. (B) Smad4 IHC staining (brown). Thirty-six samples per group were stained, and a representative image is presented showing Smad4 protein loss in an HNSCC and matched adjacent mucosa compared with a normal sleep apnea control sample. Scale bar: 40 μm (all panels).