Latencies and durations of maternal behaviors

EARLY POSTPARTUM					LATE POSPARTUM
			Subjects with infusions				Subjects with infusions
	Non-surgical control	Infusion	mPOA repeated inactivation	dorsal control	Non-surgical control	Infusion	mPOA repeated inactivation	mPOA single inactivation	dorsal control
Latency (seconds)
First retrieval	5.0±3.0	vehicle	2.0±0.7	3.0±1.0	88.5±887.5	vehicle	93.5±877.4	87.0±893.0	113.0±876.0
		bupivacaine	648.5±556.5*#	4.0±2.5		bupivacaine	14.0±5.1*#	2.0±19.0*#	90.0±915.0
Reunion litter	65.0±11.7	vehicle	75.0±14.8	63.0±3.5	1800.0±825.9	vehicle	1800.0±217.7	1800.0±0.0	1800.0±436.7
		bupivacaine	1800±0*#	68.0±6.0		bupivacaine	103.0±35.0*#	105.0±77.0*#	1800.0±443.0
Hover over	273.0±98.7	vehicle	174.0±37.0	188.0±74.0	270.5±121.1	vehicle	251.0±107.5	242.0±50.0	342.0±146.7
		bupivacaine	959.5±348.7*#	238.0±82.5		bupivacaine	198.0±33.5	201.0±56.5	285.0±105.0
Nursing posture	910.0±155.2	vehicle	830.0±72.0	900.0±129.0	874.0±294.0	vehicle	798.0±215.7	849.0±202.5	801.0±82.0
		bupivacaine	1105.0±455.6	870.0±35.0		bupivacaine	732.0±142.5	827.0±58.0	798.0±252.5
Duration (seconds)
Hover over	788.0±170.0	vehicle	808.5±109.2	765.0±115.5	495.5±103.1	vehicle	518.7±65.4	580.0±155.5	559.0±117.0
		bupivacaine	179.0±138.4*#	888±119.5		bupivacaine	617.0±119.5	647.0±127.5	582.0±136.2
Nursing posture	590.0±102.0	vehicle	630.0±147.7	612.0±40	623.0±168.4	vehicle	716.5±85.125	599.0±144.0	676.0±166.2
		bupivacaine	404.5±359.6	444±143.5		bupivacaine	958.0±192.25	752.0±138.5	652.0±86.0
Total time with pups	1358.0±217.5	vehicle	1563.5±87.5	1581.0±94.5	1180.5±208.1	vehicle	1265.0±145.25	1421.0±315.0	1458.0±96.2
		bupivacaine	784.0±348.7*#	1427.0±189.5		bupivacaine	1308.0±209.2*#	1453.0±1115.0*#	1375.0±82.5

Data are expressed as median ± SIQR.

^*Significant (P<0.05) difference in responding relative to the vehicle infusion (within group comparison, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test )

^#significant difference relative to non-surgical control females (between group comparison, Mann—Whitney U test ).