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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Sep;41(9):1778–1789. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819f75a7

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Data from the right limbs for active lower limb conditions, Passive Upper & Active Lower (black) and Active Upper & Active Lower (grey). Representative single subject data (A) and group EMG mean profiles (B) showed no observable differences in active lower limb muscle activity during Passive Upper & Active Lower and Active Upper & Active Lower conditions. Group EMG RMS amplitudes with standard error bars (C) were not significantly different between Passive Upper & Active Lower and Active Upper & Active Lower (rmANOVA P > 0.05). Dotted line equals 100%. Note different y-axes between A and B. The knee joint angle profiles and active lower limb forces were similar between the two conditions (Fig. 4A & 4B). There were large increases in lower limb pushing force during the lower limb extending phase of the stride cycle. The handle forces were minimal during the Passive Upper & Active Lower condition and had increases in pulling and pushing forces during the Active Upper & Active Lower condition (Fig. 4A & 4B).