Table 1.

Measures of Literacy or Numeracy Specific to Diabetes

Study	Measure	Sample	Psychometric properties	Number of items	Response format and administration time
Diamond6	Nutritional Literacy Scale	341 primary care patients	internal consistency (Chronbach alpha 0.84); construct validity (Pearson correlation 0.61)	32	written; 10 min to complete
Huizinga et al.7	Diabetes Numeracy Test	398 persons with diabetes	internal reliability (Kuder–Richardson	43 or a shortened version with 15	written or verbally administered; 33 min to complete the long version
Morris et al.8	Single Item Literacy Screener	999 persons with diabetes	sensitivity 54%; specificity 83%	1	verbally administered; less than 1 min to complete
Nath et al.9	Literacy Assessment for Diabetes	203 persons	concurrent validity (correlation coefficient of 0.81 with the WRAT3 and 0.90 with the REALM); test–retest reliability interclass correlation coefficient of reliability of 0.86 (p < .0001)).	3 lists of words, 60 words total	read and spoken; 3 min or less to complete
Rothman et al.10	Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Patients with Diabetes	217 persons with type 2 diabetes	internal reliability (Kuder–Richardson coefficient 0.72)	10	verbally administered; less than 10 min to complete