Table 3. Pre- and Posttest ANOVA Results for Cognitive Measures by Treatment Condition.
| Pretest | Posttest | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theatre N = 42 |
Voice N = 40 |
Control N = 40 |
Theatre N = 42 |
Voice N = 40 |
Control N = 40 |
|||||||
| Tests | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) |
| Digit Span Forward | 7.50 | (1.77) | 7.28 | (1.83) | 7.48 | (2.01) | 7.76 | (1.89) | 7.25 | (2.05) | 7.23 | (1.94) |
| Digit Span Backward | 5.31 | (1.63) | 5.63 | (2.17) | 5.23 | (1.70) | 5.62 | (1.87) | 5.43 | (1.63) | 5.53 | (1.83) |
| EBM (immediate) | 7.40 | (2.00) | 7.85 | (2.07) | 8.00 | (2.23) | 9.71 | (1.95) | 9.05 | (1.92) | 8.80~ | (2.17) |
| EBM (delayed) | 7.21 | (1.14) | 8.00 | (2.00) | 7.90 | (2.63) | 9.86 | (1.75) | 8.50* | (2.62) | 8.33* | (2.35) |
| Problem Solving | 6.57 | (3.23) | 6.93 | (3.00) | 7.25 | (2.51) | 9.98 | (2.68) | 7.45** | (2.55) | 6.78** | (2.65) |
| Verbal Fluency | 33.02 | (7.47) | 29.58 | (6.57) | 30.98 | (7.32) | 37.02 | (9.20) | 29.68** | (7.08) | 30.25** | (5.88) |
| Word Recall (immediate) | 20.38 | (3.53) | 18.63 | (3.79) | 18.45 | (3.35) | 24.31 | (3.95) | 20.48** | (4.41) | 19.63** | (3.70) |
| Word Recall (delayed) | 6.52 | (1.94) | 5.45 | (2.52) | 5.38 | (2.22) | 7.83 | (2.19) | 6.08** | (2.73) | 6.13** | (2.12) |
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
~
p = .06