Table 4.
Mean Nutrient Intake by Energy Density Tertiles of Young Adults: BHS (1989–91)
| Nutrients | ED1§ |
ED2§ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile1 | Tertile2 | Tertile3 | Tertile1 | Tertile2 | Tertile3 | |
| M ± SE1 | M ± SE1 | |||||
| Energy Density (kcal/100 gm)2 | 74.8 ± 1.0 | 108 ± 0.7 | 151 ± 2.7d | 79.7 ± 1.1 | 115 ± 0.7 | 170 ± 3.8d |
| Energy (kcal)3 | 1920 ± 70.0 | 2252 ± 64.9 | 2405 ± 64.0d | 1998 ± 68.9 | 2290 ± 65.4 | 2326 ± 65.8c |
| Total Protein (g) | 68.5 ± 2.4 | 71.9 ± 2.2 | 74.5 ± 2.2 | 63.5 ± 2.2 | 71.6 ± 2.1 | 79.7 ± 2.1d |
| Amino Acids (g) | ||||||
| Histidine | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1a | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1d |
| Isoleucine | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1d |
| Leucine | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.2a | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 0.2d |
| Lysine | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 5.4 ± 0.2d |
| Methionine | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1d |
| Phenylalanine | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1d |
| Tryptophan | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0d |
| Tyrosine | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1d |
| Valine | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1d |
| Total Fat (g) | 71.6 ± 2.0 | 87.2 ± 1.8 | 102 ± 1.8d | 71.3 ± 1.8 | 87.8 ± 1.7 | 104 ± 1.7d |
| Animal Fat | 39.6 ± 2.2 | 45.7 ± 2.0 | 50.2 ± 2.0c | 38.9 ± 2.1 | 46.7 ± 2.0 | 50.4 ± 2.0d |
| Vegetable Fat | 15.1 ± 1.7 | 18.8 ± 1.6 | 25.7 ± 1.6d | 14.1 ± 1.7 | 19.9 ± 1.6 | 26.1 ± 1.6d |
| Saturated Fatty Acids | 23.4 ± 1.0 | 28.4 ± 0.9 | 31.7 ± 0.9d | 23.2 ± 0.9 | 28.6 ± 0.9 | 32.2 ± 0.9d |
| Monounsaturated Fatty Acids | 25.5 ± 0.9 | 30.2 ± 0.8 | 35.1 ± 0.8d | 25.1 ± 0.9 | 30.6 ± 0.8 | 35.7 ± 0.8d |
| Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids | 14.3 ± 0.9 | 17.9 ± 0.8 | 21.8 ± 0.8d | 14.3 ± 0.8 | 18.2 ± 0.8 | 22.0 ± 0.8d |
| Fatty Acids (g) | ||||||
| Arachidonic | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| Linoleic | 12.2 ± 0.8 | 15.4 ± 0.7 | 19.2 ± 0.7d | 12.2 ± 0.8 | 15.8 ± 0.7 | 19.2 ± 0.7d |
| Linolenic | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1b |
| Myristic | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1a | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 |
| Oleic | 23.6 ± 0.8 | 28 ± 0.8 | 32.4 ± 0.8d | 23.2 ± 0.8 | 28.1 ± 0.7 | 33.1 ± 0.7d |
| Palmitoleic Acid | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1b | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 |
| Palmitic | 13.3 ± 0.5 | 16.3 ± 0.5 | 18.6 ± 0.5d | 16.3 ± 0.5 | 18.6 ± 0.5d | |
| Stearic | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 8.3 ± 0.2d | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 8.5 ± 0.2d |
| Cholesterol (g) | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
| Total Carbohydrate (g) | 288 ± 5.6 | 265 ± 5.1 | 236 ± 5.1d | 294 ± 5.1 | 265 ± 4.9 | 227 ± 4.9d |
| Total Sucrose (g) | 94.8 ± 5.1 | 64.5 ± 4.7 | 58.3 ± 4.7d | 93.2 ± 4.9 | 68.3 ± 4.7 | 53.8 ± 4.7d |
| Total Sugar (g) | 160 ± 6.0 | 129 ± 5.5 | 111 ± 5.5d | 169 ± 5.4 | 132 ± 5.1 | 95.9 ± 5.2d |
| Starch (g) | 72.9 ± 3.2 | 87.6 ± 2.9 | 78.2 ± 2.9 | 72.0 ± 3.1 | 84.6 ± 2.9 | 82.1 ± 2.9 |
| Fiber (g) | 12.1 ± 0.5 | 11.9 ± 0.5 | 10.2 ± 0.5b | 11.5 ± 0.5 | 11.6 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.5 |
§
ED1 = all foods and beverages without alcoholic beverage; ED2 = excluded diet or less than 10 kcal/g beverages.
1
Least-square means and standard error (M ± SE) from regression models adjusted for age, race, gender, kilocalories, BMI, and race by gender
2
Unadjusted mean and standard error.
3
Adjusted for age, race BMI, and race by gender only.
Linear Trend:
a
p < 0.05,
b
p < 0.01,
c
p < 0.001,
d
p < 0.0001.