Table 2.
Zebrafish pancreatic mutants
| mutant | gene | molecular function | Phenotype | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| akreas (akr) | ptf1a | transcription factor activity | exocrine pancreas severely reduced, delayed | (60) |
| angelina | agl | ND | β-cells severely reduced | (70) |
| cheetah | chee | ND | α-, β-, δ-cells scattered | (70) |
| daedalus (dae) | fgf10a | growth factor activity | dysmorphic ductal system, ectopic endocrine cells | (39,40) |
| dalmatian | dal | ND | α-, β-, δ-cells scattered | (70) |
| ductjam | djm | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71) |
| ducttrip | dtp | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71) |
| earl grey (egy) | sart3 | calcium ion binding | exocrine pancreas reduced or absent | (103) |
| floating head | flh | DNA binding | β-cells reduced | (7) |
| flotte lotte | flo | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71,104) |
| heart and soul (has) | prkci (was aPKCλ) | ATP binding | duplicated exocrine pancreas, endocrine bud not fused with exocrine | (50,51) |
| ikarus (ika) | fgf24 | growth factor activity | exocrine pancreas reduced | (39) |
| knypek | kny | protein binding | β-cells bilateral | (7) |
| lazarus (lzr) | pbx4 | DNA binding | anteriorly shifted endocrine pancreas | (105,106) |
| mind bomb | mib | protein binding | exocrine pancreas reduced, β-, δ-cells increased | (65,107) |
| minime | mnm | ND | α-, β-cells scattered, β-cells reduced, exocrine pancreas reduced | (70) |
| mislet (mis or msl) | hnf1b (was vhnf1, tcf2) | transcription factor activity | pancreatic precursors and derivatives severely reduced | (70) |
| mitomess | mms | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71) |
| neckless (nls) | aldh1a2 (was raldh2) | oxidoreductase activity | pancreas absent | (20,22) |
| nil per os (npo) | rbm19 | RNA binding | exocrine pancreas development arrested | (108) |
| no relief | nor | ND | exocrine pancreas absent | (109) |
| peppershaker | pps or ppp | ND | α-, β-, δ-cells scattered, exocrine pancreas disorganized | (70) |
| piebald | pie | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71,109) |
| scarlet | sle | ND | α-, β-, δ-cells scattered | (70) |
| schmalspur (sur) | foxh1 | sequence-specific DNA binding | β-cells slightly reduced | (7) |
| sea dragon | sdr | ND | α-, β-, δ-cells reduced; duplicated exocrine pancreas | (70) |
| slimjim (slj) | polr3b | tRNA transcription | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71,109) |
| slow-muscle-omitted | smo (was smu) | G-protein coupled receptor activity | endocrine pancreas severely reduced, bilateral ventral bud | (43,44,58) |
| spadetail (spt) | tbx16 | DNA binding | β-cells bilateral or absent | (7,110) |
| straight shot | sst | ND | exocrine pancreas absent | (109) |
| sweetbread | swd | ND | exocrine pancreas reduced, ductal defect | (71) |
For specific alleles and a list of additional mutants, see the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN). Molecular function terms are from the Gene Ontology Consortium; some genes have multiple functions, not listed. ND, Not Determined.