Table 1.
Prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema by gender
|
Total persons with diabetes (N = 634) |
Men with diabetes (N = 287) |
Women with diabetes (N = 347) |
P¶ | |||||||
| n | Crude† | Standardized* | n | Crude† | Standardized* | n | Crude† | Standardized* | ||
| Any retinopathy | 240 | 37.9 (34.1-41.6) |
37.0 (33.2-40.8) |
124 | 43.2 (37.4-49) |
43.9 (38.1-49.6) |
116 | 33.4 (28.4-38.4) |
33.1 (28.1-38.0) |
0.005 |
| CSME§ | 38 | 6.0 (4.1-7.8) |
5.8 (4.0-7.7) |
20 | 6.9 (3.9-9.8) |
6.9 (4.0-9.8) |
18 | 5.2 (2.8-7.5) |
5.3 (2.9-7.6) |
<0.001 |
| VTR§ | 95 | 15 (12.2-17.8) |
14.0 (11.3-16.7) |
58 | 20.2 (15.5-24.9) |
21.9 (17.1-26.7) |
37 | 10.7 (7.4-13.9) |
9.5 (6.4-12.6) |
<0.001 |
| Retinopathy Grades | ||||||||||
| NPDR | 175 | 27.6 (24.1-31.1) |
27.3 (23.7-30.8) |
85 | 29.6 (24.3-34.9) |
29.3 (24.0-34.6) |
90 | 25.9 (21.3-30.6) |
26.2 (21.6-30.9) |
<0.001 |
| Mild NPDR | 114 | 17.8 (14.9-20.8) |
17.9 (14.9-20.9) |
53 | 18.2 (13.8-22.7) |
17.7 (13.3-22.1) |
61 | 17.5 (13.5-21.5) |
17.9 (13.9-22.0) |
<0.001 |
| Moderate NPDR | 42 | 6.6 (4.6-8.5) |
6.6 (4.7-8.6) |
20 | 6.9 (3.9-9.8) |
6.4 (3.6-9.2) |
22 | 6.3 (3.8-8.9) |
6.7 (4.1-9.4) |
0.024 |
| Severe NPDR | 19 | 3 (1.7-4.3) |
2.6 (1.4-3.9) |
12 | 4.1 (1.8-6.4) |
4.8 (2.3-7.2) |
7 | 2 (0.5-3.5) |
1.4 (0.1-2.6) |
<0.001 |
| PDR | 65 | 10.3 (7.9-12.6) |
9.6 (7.3-11.9) |
39 | 13.6 (9.6-17.6) |
14.5 (10.4-18.6) |
26 | 7.5 (4.7-10.3) |
6.8 (4.1-9.5) |
<0.001 |
†Data presented in Crude and Standardized columns are percentages and confidence intervals 95%.
* Age- standardized to the 2006 Tehran population census.
¶ P- Value for difference in prevalence and severity of retinopathy by gender, based on chi-square test.
§CSME: Clinically significant macular edema, VTR: Vision threatening retinopathy