Figure 4.

Dependence of m₃ on the change in nonpolar surface introduced with the mutation ($\Delta {\text{ASA}}_{\text{np},\text{Mut}/\text{WT}}^{\text{U}-\text{F}}$) for sulfate (solid circles), phosphate (open circles), fluoride (solid squares), nitrate (open squares), perchlorate (solid diamonds), and thiocyanate (stars). The error bars for the m₃ values correspond to the standard deviation of the slopes in a plot of $\Delta \Delta G_{\text{Mut}/\text{WT}}^{\text{U}-\text{F}}$ versus the cosolute concentration, and R² corresponds to the coefficient of determination. The slope for the wild-type is shown as a solid square in each panel. (Insets) Gaussian distributions of η values (η =$\delta m_3^{}/\partial {\text{ASA}}_{\text{np},\text{Mut}/\text{WT}}^{\text{U}-\text{F}}$) obtained from Monte Carlo propagation of the error from experimental data. Dashed vertical line highlights the value of η = 0.