. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2008 Sep 13;115(1-2):177–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.022

Table 2.

Mean (SD) levels of plasma cytokines in controls and MDD subjects.

Cytokine measure	Controls (n=15)	MDD subjects

		All patients (n = 30)	Non-medicated (n = 13)
Interferon (IFN)-γ	0.37 (0.64)	3.38 (11.8)^**	5.66 (17.0)^*
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/TNFSF1A	4.13 (13.4)	19.1 (86.2)	7.06 (20.2)
Interleukin (IL)-6	0.49 (0.90)	1.52 (2.88)	1.72 (3.63)
IL-1β	0.16 (0.05)	0.16 (0.08)	0.13 (0.05)
IL-4	0.28 (0.35)	0.21 (0.09)	0.24 (0.11)
IFN-γ/IL-4	1.76 (2.28)	16.6 (56.5)^**	24.9 (78.0)^*

p<0.05.

^**

p<0.05, Bonferroni corrected.