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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(37):6790–6810. doi: 10.1002/anie.200900231

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Structure of filamentous phage (M13 or fd) and the genetically engineered version. The phage DNA is encased in a capside made of four minor coat proteins (pIII, pIX, pVI, and pVII) located at one of the two distal ends of the phage and one major coat protein (pVIII), several thousand copies of which constitute the side wall of the phage. The arrows indicate different modes of displaying a peptide or protein on the surface of the phage by fusing it to pIII or pIX (at the tip) and/or pVIII (on the side wall). One, two, or three peptides or proteins can be displayed on the surface of the phage, thereby leading to the site-specific modification of the phage surface by genetically altering the phage DNA. The foreign peptide or protein fused to the coat protein is highlighted in red.